Text+-+Major+Concepts

Integrating Educational Technology Into the Classroom - Major concepts from each chapter;

**Chapter 1 – Major Concepts**
1. ** Definitions – ** There are at least four different definitions for the term "educational technology" which have come about due to differing philosophies among educational professional organizations. 2. ** Lessons learned ** – The history of computer technologies is in three "eras": pre-microcomputer, microcomputer, and Internet. We have learned important lessons from this history about how we should integrate technology in the future. 3. ** Technology use rationale ** – Research results alone offer insufficient guidance on how to use technology effectively; each teacher must develop a personal rationale for using technology in the classroom, based upon findings from research and practice on the contributions of technology to teaching and learning. 4. ** Categories of educational technology resources ** – Electronic technologies may be categorized as hardware (laboratories; mobile workstations; mobile PC’s such as laptops, tablets, or handheld computers; classroom workstations; and/or single classroom PC’s) and software, and are configured to do specific instructional, productivity, administrative applications. Each chapter in the text focuses on applications for a type of technology: instructional software, software tools, multimedia/hypermedia, and distance learning. 5. ** Current issues shaping technology integration ** – Many societal, cultural/equity, educational, and technical issues shape how technology is used and will be used. 6. ** Trends in emerging technologies ** – Several new technologies will have great impact on the ways teaching and learning will take place in the future.

7. ** Required technology skills ** – ISTE National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) define technology skills that students, teachers, and administrators will need to be prepared for work and study in an Information Age.

1. ** Learning theories serve as the bases for integration ** – Two lines of learning theories have given rise to two kinds of integration models: directed and constructivist. //Directed models// were shaped by objectivist theories, and c//onstructivist models// were shaped by constructivist theories  2. ** The Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Model ** – The five phases of this model are designed to help teachers (especially those new to technology) plan for effective classroom uses of technology.
 * Chapter 2 - Major Concepts **

5. Standards and curriculum support for activities 6. Required policies to assure legal/ethical use, safe Internet use, and equity. 7. Access to adequate funding for purchasing and maintaining hardware, software, and other resources 8. Trained personnel why have received a hands-on, integration emphasis over time, and have seen effective practices modeled during training 9. Technical assistance in the form of continuing support for diagnostic and maintenance problems for both teachers' and students' computers 10. Appropriate teaching approaches that are matched to needs, and assessment strategies that are matched to the type of learning being measured
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore; mso-no-proof: no; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msonoproof: no;">3. **** Essential conditions support effective technology integration ** – For technology to have the desired impact on improved teaching and learning, several conditions must be in place. These include:
 * 1) A shared vision for technology integration among education community members

** Chapter 3 Major Concepts ** <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore;">1. ** Instructional software functions and roles – ** Instructional software is computer programs designed specifically to deliver or support one or more kinds of learning activities. Programs can serve one or more of the following five functions: <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Drill and practice ** – Students work example items, usually one at a time, and receive feedback on their correctness. Instructional roles include: supplementing or replacing worksheets and homework exercises, preparation for tests <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Tutorial ** – These provide an entire instructional sequence similar to a teacher’s classroom instruction on a topic. Instructional roles include: self-paced reviews of instruction, alternative learning strategies, and instruction when teachers are unavailable <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Simulation ** – These are computerized models of real or imagined systems that are designed to teach how the system works. Instructional roles include: use in place of or as supplements to lab experiments, in place of as supplements to role-playing, in place of or as supplements to field trips, to introduce or clarify a new topic, to foster exploration and problem solving, and to encourage cooperation and group work. <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Instructional game ** – These activities are designed to increase motivation by adding game rules and/or competition to learning activities. Instructional roles include: use in place of worksheets and exercises, to teach cooperative group skills, and as a reward <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Problem solving ** – These programs serve one of three purposes: (1) foster component skills involved in solving problems, (2) teach or provide practice in approaches to problem solving, or (3) teach or provide opportunities to practice solving various problems in specific content areas. Instructional roles include: teach component skills in problem solving strategies, provide practice in solving problems, and encouraging group problem solving <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore;">2. ** Integrated Learning Systems (ILSs) ** – These products offer computer-based instruction and other resources to support instruction, along with summary reports of student progress through the instruction; all are provided through networked or online sources. <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore;">3. ** Evaluation of instructional software ** – Courseware evaluation is reviewing software according to set criteria in order to determine its quality and appropriateness for a given instructional purpose.

**Chapter 4 Major Concepts**
<span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore;">1. ** Word processing, spreadsheets, and databases are basic software tools ** – These tools, the first to be widely used in education, offer benefits of improved productivity, appearance, accuracy, and interaction. Recent enhancements include: PDA tools, web features, increased compatibility, and packaging as suites and integrated components. <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore;">2. ** Word processing supports activities that require text processing ** – These include: <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Productivity ** – Creating handouts or other instructional materials, lesson plans and notes, reports, forms, letters to parents or students, flyers, and newsletters <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Instructional ** – Writing processes, dynamic group processes, individual language, writing, and reading exercises, and writing across the curriculum <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore;">3. ** Spreadsheet software supports activities that require number manipulations and displays ** – These include: <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Productivity ** – Keeping club and classrooms budgets, preparing performance checklists, and keeping gradebooks <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Instructional ** – Visual teaching demonstrations, student products, mathematical and what if? problem solving, storing and analyzing data, and projecting grades <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msobidifontfamily: 'Comic Sans MS'; msolist: Ignore;">4. ** Database software supports activities that require organizing and searching for information ** – These include: <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Productivity ** – Inventorying and locating instructional resources, data mining for planning and reporting, using information on students to respond to questions or perform required tasks, and sending personalized letters to parents and others <span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· ** Instructional ** – Research and study skills, creating information pictures, posing and testing hypotheses, and using online databases for research